EXEMPLARY PROTOCOL

John Friday (Jack Ferry, Zoe Nalgen)
FVHE
22 October, 2012 (= date of mesurements) 		Experimental conditions
Temperature 22 oC
Air pressure 102,5 kPa
TASK 1 - VISCOSIMETRY
INTRODUCTION
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of fluids being deformed by stress. The kinematic viscosity ν is expressed in [m2 s-1], and the dynamic viscosity η is the value ν multiplied by density of the measured fluid and is expressed in [Pa s]. This physical value depends on the temperature and density. The viscosity represents one of the principal parameters of fluids that is used especially in food-processing industry and the industry producing dry goods.

The aim of the task is to measure the viscosity of low viscous fluids with the Ostwald capillary viscosimeter and of high viscous fluid by the Höpler rheo-viscosimeter.
STRUCTURE OF THE INTRODUCTION
ON ON which physical value is the task based, and what is its nature
IN IN what units is the value expressed
WHAT WHAT factors the value depends on
USE what is USE of this method in practice
AIM what is AIM of the task


MATERIAL AND METHODS
- see the Manual
RESULTS

Table 1: Measurements of deionized water and blood serum by Ostwald’s viscosimeter

 

comprehensive title
No of measurements
deionized water
blood serum
 
time t [s]
1
34.5
46.2
2
33.4
46.5
3
33.6
46.1
4
33.8
46.1
5
33.6
45.8
6
33.5
45.3
7
33.4
45.3
8
33.3
45.3
9
33.7
45.1
10
33.5
45.0
aritmetic mean x
0.34
45.7
s =
33.6
0.53
sr [%] =
1.01
1.16
sx overbar =
0.11
0.17
ν [m2 . s-1]
9.6 . 10-7
1.31 . 10-6
η [Pa s]
9.6 . 10-4 
1.35 . 10-3


all columns or rows have their own headings


all numbers of one parameter in a column or row have the same number of decimal places


all values must have [units] in brackets
Legend:
ν = k . 0.000001 . t
η = ν . (density of the fluid);
(density: water = 1000 kg . m-3; blood serum = 1030 kg . m-3);
k = constant of viscosimeter = 0.02864 		all formulas and constants used for calculations, or abbreviations used in the table must be included in the Legend

Table 2: Mesurements of table oil by Höpler’s rheo-viscosimeter
No of measurements
constant path
facultative path
corrected path
 
time t [s]
1
13.36
10.79
12.73
2
13.21
10.66
12.74
3
13.01
13.90
12.83
4
13.17
11.00
12.84
5
12.95
10.84
12.92
6
13.00
11.05
12.69
7
13.17
10.77
12.77
8
13.40
10.97
12.70
9
13.20
10.97
12.70
10
13.08
11.04
12.76
aritmetic mean x
13.16
11,20
12,77
s =
0.149
0.958
0.074
sr [%] =
1.1
8.6
0.6
sx overbar =
0.047
0.303
0.024
constant of viscosimeter
K=0.9755
K=0.9755
Ko=1.0000
path [mm]
30
25
29.27
weight constant P [g . cm-2]
40
40
40
dynamic viscosity [Pa s]
51.33
52.44
51.07
conformity interval
**
Legend:
η = 0.1 . K . P . t (for the constant path)
η = (0.1 . K . P . t . 30) / path (for the facultative path)
η = 0.1 . Ko . P . t (for the corrected paths)
DISCUSSION
Viscosity of the blood serum is, as expected, remarkably higher than that of the deionized water (see Table 1). All three methods of detection of viscosity of the table oil gave comparable results (see Table 2).

CONCLUSIONS
The aim of the task was fulfiled.


APPENDIX: ROUNDING RULES

mean same number of decimal places as measured values
s = same number of decimal places as measured values + 1
sr [%] = 1 or 2 decimal places
sx overbar = same number of decimal places as measured values + 1

contents info task 1 exit