• Air freshener
• Liquid anti-freeze
• Batteries
• Exhaust fumes
• Motor oil
• Petrol and diesel fuel
• Solvents, thinners, and rust removers

Air freshener:

• Because of their intense scent and irritating taste these are seldom eaten by animals in large quantities. The harshness of the concentrated fragrant essences can produce irritation of the mucous membranes, sneezing, salivation, and vomiting.
• The only first aid in this case is letting the animal drink water to dilute the substance.

Anti-freezes:

• Some of the substances preventing the freezing of water solutions in the automobile are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, methanol, and others. The most dangerous is ethylene glycol, known in this country by the brand name Fridex.
• Ethylene glycol has a sweet taste, which is why animals so often eat it. It affects the nervous system and mainly causes severe kidney damage.
• Methanol affects the nervous system much like alcohol (ethanol), but its metabolites damage the optic nerve, and poisoning may result in permanent blindness.
• As first aid in both these cases we give the animals alcohol – pure distillate (vodka, plum brandy...) in a dose of 10-50 ml, according to the weight of the animal. Caution, you must not give them too much, or the brain will be clouded and loss of consciousness may occur. With animals that refuse to drink alcohol even when sprayed into their mouth by syringe, try giving them 50-300 ml of beer depending on weight of animal.

Batteries:

• All types of batteries – from the small ones inside calculators or hearing aids to monocell batteries to car batteries – are dangerous to animals. Small batteries, unless they are chewed up, usually do not cause poisoning, passing through the digestive tract unaffected. If they get caught somewhere and are not quickly evacuated, they will be digested and become poisonous.
• Batteries contain many chemicals, of which the most important are hydroxides - among the chemicals batteries contain, the most important are potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, and many toxic heavy metals – mercury, cadmium, lithium, and nickel.
• The main danger from batteries is from ingestion of corrosive substances that cause lesions on mucous membranes and skin. If a larger battery is ingested there is also the danger of intestinal blockage.
• There is no first aid an owner can give; transport the animal to a veterinary doctor.

Exhaust fumes:

• These are the source of large amounts of carbon monoxide, which is toxic. Poisoning most often occurs in closed places like a garage.
• Carbon monoxide causes damage to the blood haemoglobin, but also harms the muscle pigment myoglobin and many enzymes. The result is poor transfer of oxygen in the blood and getting to the tissue. Symptoms of poisoning are severe shortage of breath, coughing, and in higher concentrations rapid descent into unconsciousness and death.
• First aid starts with moving the affected animal into the fresh air. Before you start first aid always open all the windows and doors, otherwise the rescuer may become poisoned as well (and this happens quite often).

Motor oil:

• These are based on oils which are not toxic in and of themselves. The additives commonly found in them do not cause serious symptoms of poisoning.
• Ingestion can cause nausea and diarrhoea.
• When administering first aid do not induce vomiting; if the oil gets into the lungs infection will occur. Giving the animal activated charcoal is ineffective; these substances do not react. Do not give the animal any kind of fat, and do not give any milk to the affected animal.

Petrol and diesel:

• These are petroleum products that have basically the same properties as the previously-described organic solvents.
• If inhaled or ingested they inhibit activity of the nerve tissue, which can lead to unconsciousness.
• In providing first aid, do not induce vomiting; if the gasoline gets into the lungs infection will occur. It is no use to give the animal activated charcoal; these substances do not react. Absolutely do not give the animal any kind of fat, and do not give milk to the affected animal.

Thinner, solvent, and metal cleaner:

• These preparations usually contain acetone, petrol, kerosene, toluene, xylene, synthetic thinner, mineral oil, etc., while degreasing agents contain simple chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloromethane, etc.
• These usually inhibit the activity of the nerve tissue, which can lead to unconsciousness. They are usually toxic to the liver.
• When giving first aid do not induce vomiting; if the solvent gets into the lungs infection will occur. Giving the animal activated charcoal is ineffective; these substances do not react. Absolutely do not give the animal any kind of fat, and do not give milk to the affected animal.